Deflection of plumes by mantle shear flow: experimental results and a simple theory   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mark A. Richards  Ross W. Griffiths 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,94(3):367-376

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Gradual entrainment of a chemical layer at the base of the mantle by overlying convection     

Norman H. Sleep 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,95(3):437-447

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Numerical study of high Rayleigh number convection in a medium with depth-dependent viscosity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael Gurnis  Geoffrey F. Davies 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,85(3):523-542

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Intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Atlantic-West Africa during March–June     

Guojun Gu 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(4):457-471

Intraseasonal (30–80 days) variability in the equatorial Atlantic-West African sector during March–June is investigated using various recently-archived satellite measurements and the NCEP/DOE AMIP-II reanalysis daily data. The global connections of regional intraseasonal signals are first examined for the period of 1979–2006 through lag-regression analyses of convection (OLR) and other dynamic components against a regional intraseasonal convective (OLR) index. The eastward-propagating features of convection can readily be seen, accompanied by coherent circulation anomalies, similar to those for the global tropical intraseasonal mode, i.e., the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The regressed TRMM rainfall (3B42) anomalies during the TRMM period (1998–2006) manifest similar propagating features as for the regressed OLR anomalies during 1979–2006. These coherent features hence tend to suggest that the regional intraseasonal convective signals might be mostly a regional response to, or closely associated with the MJO, and probably contribute to the MJO’s global propagation. Atmospheric and surface intraseasonal variability during March–June of 1998–2006 are further examined using the high-quality TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) sea surface temperature (SST), columnar water vapor, and cloud liquid water, and the QuikSCAT oceanic winds (2000–2006). Enhanced (suppressed) convection or positive (negative) rainfall anomalies approximately cover the entire basin (0°–10°N, 30°W–10°E) during the passage of intraseasonal convective signals, accompanied by anomalous surface westerly (easterly) flow. Furthermore, a unique propagating feature seems to exist within the tropical Atlantic basin. Rainfall anomalies always appear first in the northwestern basin right off the coast of South America, and gradually extend eastward to cover the entire basin. A dipolar structure of rainfall anomalies with cross-equatorial surface wind anomalies can thus be observed during this evolution, similar to the anomaly patterns on the interannual time scale discovered in past studies. Coherent intraseasonal variations and patterns can also be found in other physical components.

Guojun GuEmail:

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胶东金矿集区硫和碳的循环与控矿作用     

孙林  杨斌  郭建军  杨开春 《矿产与地质》2006,20(2):97-101

胶东金矿集区矿石中普遍含金属硫化物和碳酸盐矿物,某些矿床中还见有富含炭质的断裂破碎带.成矿溶液中含有大量的SO4^2-、HCO3^-、CO2和有机质等的含硫和含碳组分.矿石硫同位素组成明显富集重硫,结合胶东金矿主要成矿时期（早白垩世）特殊的地质背景、同期海水硫酸盐δ^34S平均值（约＋16‰）及现代海水沿NE-NNE向断裂倒灌情况,笔者认为,硫的主要来源与海水硫的大量补给有关.而根据碳、氧同位素组成特征分析,形成金矿床中方解石的物源有很大一部分来自前寒武系碳酸盐岩.浅表环境下成矿金属元素及硫、碳等物质在热液对流系统中的大规模循环是成矿的关键,SO4^2-与S2^-之间的临界转化是制约成矿金属元素活化-迁移-聚集的重要因素,而含碳组分（CO3^2-、HCO3^-、CO2和有机质）则有利于Au、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素的活化和迁移,含硫和含碳组分的循环及有关的物理化学反应之间有明显的关联性.  相似文献   

Slab dehydration and fluid migration at the base of the upper mantle: implications for deep earthquake mechanisms     

Guillaume Richard  Marc Monnereau  Michel Rabinowicz 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(3):1291-1304

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Mantle lateral variations and elastogravitational deformations – II. Possible effects of a superplume on body tides     

L. Métivier  M. Greff-Lefftz  M. Diament 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(3):897-903

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Transfer processes in a simulated urban street canyon     

E. Solazzo  R. E. Britter 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(1):43-60

The transfer processes within and above a simulated urban street canyon were investigated in a generic manner. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to aid understanding and to produce some simple operational parameterisations. In this study we addressed specifically the commonly met situation where buoyancy effects arising from elevated surface temperatures are not important, i.e. when mechanical forces outweigh buoyancy forces. In a geophysical context this requires that some suitably defined Richardson number is small. From an engineering perspective this is interpreted as the important case when heat transfer within and above urban street canyons is by forced convection. Surprisingly, this particular scenario (for which the heat transfer coefficient between buildings and the flow is largest), has been less well studied than the situation where buoyancy effects are important. The CFD technique was compared against wind-tunnel experiments to provide model evaluation. The height-to-width ratio of the canyon was varied through the range 0.5–5 and the flow was normal to the canyon axis. By setting the canyon’s facets to have the same or different temperatures or to have a partial temperature distribution, simulations were carried out to investigate: (a) the influence of geometry on the flow and mixing within the canyon and (b) the exchange processes within the canyon and across the canyon top interface. Results showed that the vortex-type circulation and turbulence developed within the canyon produced a temperature distribution that was, essentially, spatially uniform (apart from a relatively thin near-wall thermal boundary layer) This allowed the temperatures within the street canyon to be specified by just one value T _can , the canyon temperature. The variation of T _can with wind speed, surface temperatures and geometry was extensively studied. Finally, the exchange velocity u _E across the interface between the canyon and the flow above was calculated based on a heat flux balance within the canyon and between the canyon and the flow above. Results showed that u _E was approximately 1% of a characteristic wind velocity above the street canyon. The problem of radiative exchange is not addressed but it can, of course, be introduced analytically, or computationally, when necessary.  相似文献   

大气凝结水汽汇、凝结潜热作用与积云对流参数化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

辜旭赞  张兵 《气象学报》2006,64(6):790-795

从引入包含质量(水汽)源、汇的连续方程出发,重新推导出大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水之水汽汇起作用的热力学方程,从而重新给出气压、气温预报方程及地面气压与高空位势高度预报方程。发现,在此基础上,才能实现凝结3个作用:气块水汽质量流失与气压降低;气块虚温降低;加热气块;和通过大气运动方程,实现大气凝结潜热“热机”作功。这时,对于预报气压、气温场,积云对流参数化方案中的参数在凝结3个作用中保持一致。否则,通过积云对流参数化方案,虽可以近似实现对于预报气压和气温场的凝结3个作用,但不可能调好参数的降水物理特性及其时空分布特征。且对于静力模式预报地面气压和高空位势高度场,不可能实现上述的第一凝结作用。最后表明,当模式分辨率提高到只用降水显式方案、不再用积云对流参数化方案后,则必须引入包含水汽源、汇的连续方程。因在热带海洋面上的水蒸发过程,水汽进入大气将改变地面气压场,且蒸发潜热可分为内潜热(水汽内能)和外潜热(水汽压力能),内潜热立即成为大气热能的一部分,而外潜热直接对大气层作功,使得大气位能增加。文中研究了大气中的大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水对气压场与位势高度场的影响。一般积云对流参数化方案都已考虑内潜热对大气的加热作用,但还须考虑因凝结与降水造成地面气压场及高空位势高度场的变化,后者应是外潜热作用的结果。在上述研究过程中,必须引入考虑凝结作用的连续方程,且最终可以改变有降水(包括大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水)发生时的数值预报模式动力框架。  相似文献   

Tangling Turbulence and Semi-Organized Structures in Convective Boundary Layers     

T. Elperin  N. Kleeorin  I. Rogachevskii  S. S. Zilitinkevich 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,119(3):449-472

A new mean-field theory of turbulent convection is developed based on the idea that only the small-scale region of the spectrum is considered as turbulence, whereas its large-scale part, including both regular and semi-organized motions, is treated as the mean flow. In the shear-free regime, this theory predicts the convective wind instability, which causes the formation of large-scale semi-organized motions in the form of cells. In the presence of wind shear, the theory predicts another type of instability, which causes the formation of large-scale semi-organized structures in the form of rolls and the generation of convective-shear waves propagating perpendicular to the convective rolls. The spatial characteristics of these structures, such as the minimum size of the growing perturbations and the size of perturbations with the maximum growth rate, are determined. This theory might be useful for understanding the origin of large-scale cells and rolls observed in the convective boundary layer and laboratory turbulent convection  相似文献